Flying-machine.



OHLSON.

FLYING MC NE. APPLIGATIOE FILED Nov. n, i910.

O. OHLSUN.

FLYNG MAGHNE.

AEPLICATION FILED NOV. 11, 1910.

Patented M1129, 193.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENT OFFICE.

v onor` i onr'ise'rajoa'NnwroNgMassacHusarra spe-ontarien of man raient. appuoann mea november y11, 1910. seran No. 591,814.

amine-Macallan.

Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

To all whom t ma concern.'

Be it known t at I, OLOF OHLsoN,l of Newton, in thecounty .of Middlesex-and State of Massachusetts,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Flying-Machines, of which the following is-y a specilication.

The object of the present'invention is to provide improvements in ythemode of'con- ,y trol of fiying machines, particularly the and consists4 iiyin machine of the monoplane type, this type ein the one towhich certain of the features o the invention are best applicable.,

although.. the -arenot `limited thereto, and

mayibe app ied .torrmultiplane yngma" chines, oreven .to dirigible apparatus of the lighter-thanairtype I therefore .desire it to beunderstood that in choosing-,themono-k` plane'typeof flying machine to showfptheapplication of my inventionI have done so for` the purpose. of illustration only,l and not of limitation. ,l f l In the drawings .Figure-1 is a front elevation of a flying machine'in which the principles of the invention areembodied. -1-Fig.

2 1s a side'elevation of thegsame `with'oneV of the wings removed.|` Fig.3 is a plan view.

Fig. 4. is a plan view on an enlarged scale ofV 4member by which the aviatorv the contro guides the ap aratus.' Fi nal section o vthis-contro member'.- is a diagrammatic viewshowing the stability control more clearly. jp Referring to the drawings, 1. and 2 represent the wings'o'.l planes which `together form the supportin plane orplanesofthe iyin machine, Isuc wings-:being .arranged 'the outline of the win 1n this'embodimen of theinventionin sub-A 4stantially the samezman'ner asexemplified 4 in 'the I'present successfulq-typ'esof-. monoplanesp-The wingsare-Jpreferably^constructed las usual of a light framework conf" sisting of Atransverse ribs 3, 4, longitudinal ribs 5, and edge' members 6, 7, which deine v The terms transverse and longitu inal are here used with reference to the direction of fiight. This framework is covered with fabric or other light and'thin material to afiord a supporting surface, which fabric is preferab y extended beyond the rear peripheral member 7 to form a lap 8 which is designed to'assist in securing stable Hight. The

wings may be continuous or separate and are secured in any suitable way to rame lmembers 9 and 10, to which also are secured the lon it-udinal frame members 11, 12 and 13 whic form the backbone or body of the monoplane frame. Masts 14 and 15 rise and depend respectively from the frame and providev points of attachment for the guys additionally supported and stiiened. A

.tractorand motor-shaft 2O is mounted in. bearings in the frame and' carries the tractor 21.and mot/or 22.

The yprincipal improvement -embodied in a the presentinvention resides inthe vanes which constitute both lateral stability controls and rudders to govern the direction of flight. These vanes are represented at 23 and 24 and are preferably plvoted upon the masts 14 and 15V respectively. They are `therefore respectively above and below the main su porting planes andy are in the same zone wit thelatter. Also by reason of the factthat-the masts intersect the longitudinal'axis of the machine, these vanes are piv- .lotally or oscillatively movable about an axis lor axes transverse' to the supporting planes land midway between the latter. These vanes are capable'V of turning pivotally in either direction about the masts and control means are provided by which they may be so turned'simultaneously either in opposite directions or in the'same direction and in varying control device for this purpose, which is the one here illustrated, consists in a hand wheel 25, arrangedy immediately forward of the voperators seat26, and secured to a sleeve 2T which turns about a stud or rod 28 plrojecting from a plate or block 29, whic turns upon a pivot. or trunnions 30 held by a holder or carrier 31. The latter is arranged I16,- 17, 18 and 19 by which the wings are degrees. The preferred form of aces tothe vresistance' of-theair. he varies' to turn horizontally about a vertical ivot'; 32 secured upon one of the frame mem ers, asxlO. `Carrled bythe sleeve;27far e arnis 3 3 to which `is secured a"pulley"t 4v referably occupyingsuch Va position-that t eaxisOj` of the block 29 occupies one`of its diameters. By virtueof this modeotjsupportin the' hand wheelf25,` the? latter 'may swing orizontally about the axisforl pintlef'verti-v. cally a out the axis 30, and 1n a third plane on its own 4axis 'about' the :stud :28,f1wh1ch' is inth'eaaxis of v`the wheelgv: yInf-othervv words r the wheel may .be turned about its o'wn axis` or be 'moneda dly both upgandidown; and

gngftbe iilley 34 are 1 llines lwhich ru-n'to .opposite-.si es yof the varies 23 yand 24,' Thus one line, las 35, passes to the left ofi: the 'aviator along the u'per surface of the! let-hand wing, around a guide' and to: the upper vanefA A second lline or liga-: 37 lpasses in vthe "same, direction under thawing around ay gude"38'to"the lower' guidevane'24. lLonverselj)7 lines or ligaments 39 .and y40 pass from the pulley to the. right ofthe aviator above and below the'` rightharitiv Wingv d, .around 'the -guides 41l and .42 itothe rightfhand sides .of the guide: vanas @Swami 24 respectively. i The Vlines are; scanned' the pulleyin-'a manner .suchl .as .to prevent slipping, ilso that when :thepulley l 1s' turned meither, direction jby `the hand.l wheel utwo of the din'es twill-bettaken up l and f the'lother. two paid/lout. ,f lThus byrotating the hand wheel while its location 'remains'. unchanged, .the guide1 .vanes;. are-swung `iopositelyanl .caused to present .op osite .Surf

:such as cords or wires .46 and 47.

` 32'enablcs either rudder to be turned, while the other remains stationary or is turned in tliesame or the opposite direction to a greater or`less degree. Thereby any posi- 4tionsf'of.; the rudders necessary to change the direction ot' the machine and careen it to the ,extent necessary to preserve its balance while so turning may be obtained. The third movement of the hand wheel in a vertical plane 'about the axis 30 is provided in order tooperate the horizontal rudder and govern the elevation .of the machine. The horizontal rudder is a lane or vane 43 mounted at .the rear endprof the aeroplane "frameand connected thereto in a manner permitting either upward or downward inclination. Conveniently the connection may be a exible resilient strip 44, although It may be an ordinary pivotal connection rcinforced with springs to Ihold the rudder normally horizontal. The plate or :block 29 is provided with a segmental portion 4.3 having va channel to receive `tension .memblelrs 1e former :of these is connected-with the horizontailrudder at a point above the connection between :the latter and the framework .andpasses around the segment 45 tothe forwar end-thereof. 'The other vline 47 is connected to the horizontal rudder `below the connection of the latter with the iframe and :passes around a guide pulley 48 in front toit the segment 45 to the rear end thereof, lbeingattachedat the point 49. Thus it will `be-seen `that when -the wheel .isgdepressed the Ilinea@ is pulled and the horizontal rudder elevated, thereby vcausing I the machine beingI thusvactedT upon lon oppositeI sides,v exert -iatera'limpulses in opposite .directions and on'o ositesides of the axis of the .mafz chine,{ jfwliich impulses are `approximately equal -vin 4amountland exert 1a' .turning jmoment tending ltov turn Sor' tip the' machine. This'aiords avery read fand vsureineansl of ommteractlng any Iten ency fto overturn,-l as lwell as lof vca reening the machine to Athe extent necessary to enablelit to chan e' its directionof Hight without loss of sta ility.

The same' vanes 23 and' 24 whichsecure lateral stability valso actas'rudders to change the direction of iiight, andthe same control means so operates* the vanos. ,'It'. willA be noted that'the ulleyj34I is mounted" at a considerable 'dis ance #from thevertical axis 82, 'Hence when'the handwheel is moved horizontally the lpulley 34 is likewise moved and the'ftwo lines on 4oneside thereof` are pulled, ywhile the two 'onjthe vopposite sidel aresla'ckened.4 Thus bcthvanes or rudders are 'turned-'inthe sameA Adirection and lcaused to"` ,"corre'sponding" sides against the air," Y't 'ereby changing?thefdirection# YA combination off movements ry 'goffifthe' 'fha'nd wheel about its own axis and about the axis to travelat an upward slant, whereas when lthe wheel 'is raised the line 47 is ulled and 'thevhorizontal rudderdepresse rcausing 'gthe machine to pitch downward. Convenient-lyassociated with the horizontal rudder :is a vertical. auxiliary guide plane 50 which assists -the rudders in turning the machine, but has no oscillating movement .itself yexcept,` A.with the :horizontal rudder. `It al- '.wa s remains in the same vertical plane.

Shave ydescribed the control means and :the lconnections therefrom to the several guide vanes or rudders in minute detail for the urpose of enabling others to understan -and practice the invention. Ido not thereby'intend, however to 'limit the invention to the particular details shown, since `many modifications and alterations `ma be made without de arting from the spirit of the invention. -hus it would not be a delpartu-re from lthe invention to place the ver- 'tical Lpivot 32 between'gthe pulley -84 and Ihand-wheel 35 so that the pulley could be ymoved laterali in opposite directions from the lhand-Whee nor 4would it 'be a departure from the-invention -to reverse the relative arrangement of thevarious sets of operating lllV lines or otherwise alter their arrangement vas so as to secure different eiects through the manipulations of:1 the'handwhcel already v The eence of the invention insofar as it relates to the` controlfmeans'consists in having a single controly element .which may be operated in three different direct-ions or modes, so as respectively fto'govern the lateral stability,the direction of vflight and the elevation. The princi le `of combining these controls in'a single evice which may at need be operated by either hand ,of the aviator is of great yvalue and4 advantage in that it reduces the numberv ofA different things requiring attention .by the aviator and enables him to givey his attention if need be to the motor, without endangering his control of the aeroplane. Thereby the safety of the aviator is safeguarded to a greatly increased degree.

When the flying machine rests upon'the Ground it is sup orted by wheels 51 at the orward end and a skid or slide 52 at the rear. The wheels also take the shock of alighting and inv order to diminish the shock they areyieldingly mounted. For this purpose the axle 53 'of the wheels is held in arms 54 ivotall hungfrom the frame structure an brace by rearwardly extending rods 55 connected to avtraveler 56 slidingly suported on one of themembers of the frame.v

he traveler is drawn forwardly `so as to hold the wheels in the position shown in Fi 2 b vtension means such as a spring 57, which owever yields readily when the wheels strike the ground so as to allow them to swing rearwar ly and upwardly with relation to the aeroplane' frame. Excessive motion is checkedby a butter such as a shortv and relatively stiiI spring 58.

The two sets of rods-54= and 55 combined with the axle 53 make a framework of great stron h and at the same time of'sutiicient flexibility in the directions in which shock is sustained to yield and avoid injury to the machine.

I 'pro ose also to secure automatic balance by causing the stability vanes to move automatically in the directions necessary to restore the balance whenever the machine tips to one side or the other. For this purpose, I arrange the stabilizing vanes with provision for operation by gravity, weighting the vanes so that the upper vane will 4swing toward the low side, and the lower vane toward the high side to counteract the tipping when it occurs. In the drawings weights 61 and 62 are indicated on the upper vane in rear of its ivotal axis'and on the lower vane forwar of'its axis, which have this effect.

I claim,-

1. In an aeroplane the combination with a main supporting plane of vertical stabilizing planes pivoted on vertical axes above and below the main plano and havingineans automatically operative upon careening of the machine for exerting force tending to swing'them in the direction to oppose cavreening movement.

2;-"In an aeroplane the combination with a main supportingflane, of yertical stabilizingplanes ivotc on vertical axes above andelowt ie main plane, their inaJor portions being in rear of their axes, a weight attached to the upper plane in rear of its axis, and a weight connected to the lower' planeu front of the axis of the latter,

whereby forces areexerted tending to turn said planes when the machine tips, in the direction necessary to counteract such tipping.` 8. In combination with a flying machine having vertical steering and stabilizing lanes and a horizontal elevation controling plane, a control device comprising a member pivotally mounted to turn about a horizontal axis, lines passing from points of attachment to the horizontal plane, respectively, above and below the axis of the latter, to said member and connected thereto at separated points removed from its pivot, aV pulley in front of said member around which one of said lines passes,whereby op posite oscillative movements of the member ma swing the plane correspondingly to suc movements, a pulley pivotally mounted on said member on an axis perpendicular to that on which said member turns, lines extending from said pulley in opposite directions to each of the steerin and stability planes and connected on eac side thereof, whereby rotation of the ulley may turn the planes oppositely and a older to which the above-named member is pivoted, said holder being itself pivotally mounted at a distance from the pivot of said member on a vertical axis, whereby said member and pulley may swing from side to side to pull e ually on the lines assing from the same si e of the pulley anld thereby to. turn both of the vertical lanes in unison.

4. n a iiying machine havin(r upper and lower vertical planes independently oscillable about vertical axes, and a horizontal plane oscillable about a horizontal axis, a control device for actuating said planes comrisin a pulley, lines secured to said puley an passing in the same direction therefrom to oints of attachment with the uper and ower vertical planes respectively, ines passing in the opposite direction from said pulley and connected to the upper and lower vertical planes at the o osite sides thereof, the lines which exten in the same direction being tangent to the pulley at opposite points, whereby in rotating t-he pu ley the vert-ical planes may be op ositely moved, a hand wheel connected to t e pulley in a position accessibleto the aviator,

ico

a member uponyhioh .eaidpulley 4it pivoted f- 1n a manner 'permitting'it i to turn .about vits own ax1s1inee extending;froml the horizontal plane above and below the axisjpf the. latter ,to said member and` 2-attachedl. thereto at separated 4'points on .thfelunder sicleI thereof, a* l pulley 1n: vfront .o ffeaidl member about which ,one ofthe lines passeS-sofas to4 reverse i its direction beforeattachment tothe mer'nber, the other linez-extendingdirectly to the member, 4a holder .to which said member isI Fixoted at a horizontal axis-to permit ,oslcil- .L ations of the member in a vertical. lane and l 4a .vertical l ivot for said holderi-n advance 'of the Apul ey,. whereby the .latter with the said member'and holder may be swung from Iside to side to pull equally onthe .lines which extend in the `same-direction therefrom and 'slacken-the lines extendingin the opposite direction, Y Whereby to move both vertical ,planes-in:unison., i In-testimony, whereof I have affixed my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

; y OLOF OHLSON. Witnesses: n I Y, THOMAS A.. SMYTHE,

thereby tilt the horiz'ontalQguide p aneyancll ,OSCAR H. BUTLER.

"-Pfes ot this patent may be obtained' for dve veufsv eaah,---by adqreuink the Commissioner ot Patents.

' Washington; 1).'0. 

